Every institution and department has its own set of rules.Each tehsil,district or division has its own rules or laws.Similarly for the running of the whole country certain rules or laws are necessary.The basic principles on which rules or laws are made for the administration of the country are contained in the constitution of the country.A good constitution mut protect the liberty of the individuals and welfare of the nation.
Pakistan came into being on 14th August 1947.But there was no constitution of our own at t
hat time.So British laws remained enforced for many years.A constitution was passed in 1956,but it did not remain enforced for long.General Ayub Khan took over the government and abolished the constitution of 1956.He gave the nation a new constitution of his own in 1962.The constitution remained enforced till 1971.As this constitution was not made by the representatives of the people,it did not bring democracy in the country.Democracy is that form of government in which power remains in hands of the representatives of the people.(A)The New Constitution
In the year
1971,the representatives of the people known as Legislative Assembly were given the work of framing the new constitution of the country.The constitution of the country was approved in April, 1973.It came into force from 14th August 1973.According to this constitution the name of our country is Islamic Republic of Pakistan.Our constitution is Islamic,democratic and federal.It is Islamic because it declares Islam to be the state religion.The President and Prime Minister must be Muslim and there should be no law contrary to the Holly Quran and `Sunnah`.
In the year
1971,the representatives of the people known as Legislative Assembly were given the work of framing the new constitution of the country.The constitution of the country was approved in April, 1973.It came into force from 14th August 1973.According to this constitution the name of our country is Islamic Republic of Pakistan.Our constitution is Islamic,democratic and federal.It is Islamic because it declares Islam to be the state religion.The President and Prime Minister must be Muslim and there should be no law contrary to the Holly Quran and `Sunnah`.
According to our new constitution every citizen has the freedom of speech and writing.He can start any business or trade. All citizens enjoy equal protection of law.Every body has full freedom of religion.Their rights are safe-guarded by the constitution.Minorities in our country have been given equal rights.They are free to go to their churches,temples or any other places of worship.
(B)Federal Government
A federal government is that in which several provinces,while retaining their internal freedom agree to remain under one central government as one nation and one country.There are four provinces in our country.Every provinces has its own legislative Assembly and Government.They have full freedom to look after their internal matters.Over all these Provincial Government there is a central Government for the administration of the whole country.The central Government looks after the security and defence of the country,maintains relations with the foreign countries and has many other responsibilities.The federal and the Provincial Government co-operate with one another for the development of the country and the maintenance of law and order.
A federal government is that in which several provinces,while retaining their internal freedom agree to remain under one central government as one nation and one country.There are four provinces in our country.Every provinces has its own legislative Assembly and Government.They have full freedom to look after their internal matters.Over all these Provincial Government there is a central Government for the administration of the whole country.The central Government looks after the security and defence of the country,maintains relations with the foreign countries and has many other responsibilities.The federal and the Provincial Government co-operate with one another for the development of the country and the maintenance of law and order.
(C)Parliament
The group of persons elected by the people is called the Parliament.There are two houses of Parliament in Pakistan.The one is called the National Assembly while the other is known as the Senate.The members of the National Assembly are elected by the direct votes of the people.The National Assembly has great importance in the administration of the country.It makes and amends laws.It looks after the administration of the country.The yearly budget of the country is placed before it.It has the power to pass or refuse any tax proposed.The President of the National Assembly is known as the speaker.The total members of the National Assembly of Pakistan are two hundred and thirty seven who are elected by direct votes of the people.
The group of persons elected by the people is called the Parliament.There are two houses of Parliament in Pakistan.The one is called the National Assembly while the other is known as the Senate.The members of the National Assembly are elected by the direct votes of the people.The National Assembly has great importance in the administration of the country.It makes and amends laws.It looks after the administration of the country.The yearly budget of the country is placed before it.It has the power to pass or refuse any tax proposed.The President of the National Assembly is known as the speaker.The total members of the National Assembly of Pakistan are two hundred and thirty seven who are elected by direct votes of the people.
The other important house of Parliament is called Senate. Each province has an equal number of representatives for the Senate.These representatives are called Senators.The Senate has no administration powers.But it enjoy equal power in case of amendment of the constitution.Each province has nineteen representatives in it.Other representatives are from specific areas including the federal capital.The total number of the members of the Senate is eighty seven.The head of the Senate is called the Chairman.
(D)The President of Pakistan
According to our constitution the Head of the State of Pakistan is called "The President".He must be a Muslim.He is elected by the National Assembly and the Senate in a joint session.He uses his powers conferred on him by the constitution of Pakistan.He must be above forty five years of age.He discharges his duties according to the advice of the Prime Minister of the country.
According to our constitution the Head of the State of Pakistan is called "The President".He must be a Muslim.He is elected by the National Assembly and the Senate in a joint session.He uses his powers conferred on him by the constitution of Pakistan.He must be above forty five years of age.He discharges his duties according to the advice of the Prime Minister of the country.
(E) The Prime Minister
The Prime Minister is the executive head of the government.Being the leader of the party having majority in the National Assembly the president invites him to form a government.After obtaining vote of confidence from National Assembly he/she is declared as Prime Minister.The main responsibility of the Prime Minister is to run the government smoothly.
There is a council of federal ministers to help the Prime Minister to discharge his/her administration duties well.These ministers are appointed by the Prime Minister to look after the work of different departments,such as defence,finance,railways,foreign affairs,interior,works,food and agriculture,education,information and communication etc.
The Prime Minister is the executive head of the government.Being the leader of the party having majority in the National Assembly the president invites him to form a government.After obtaining vote of confidence from National Assembly he/she is declared as Prime Minister.The main responsibility of the Prime Minister is to run the government smoothly.
There is a council of federal ministers to help the Prime Minister to discharge his/her administration duties well.These ministers are appointed by the Prime Minister to look after the work of different departments,such as defence,finance,railways,foreign affairs,interior,works,food and agriculture,education,information and communication etc.
(E) The Supreme Court
Courts are set up throughout the country for given justice.These courts are set up in the tehsils,district and provincial headquarters.Any person who is not satisfied with the judgment of any lower court,can appeal to the next higher court.The highest court in a province is the High Court.Above all the provincial high court there is a Superior court called the Supreme Court.There is one Chief Justice and several judges in the Supreme Court.The position of Chief Justice of the Supreme court is very high.If the President goes out of the country or unable to perform his duties,the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court or the Chairman of the Senate takes over as President.The appointment of the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court is made by the President of Pakistan.Other Judges of the Supreme Court are appointed by the President is consultation with the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.
Courts are set up throughout the country for given justice.These courts are set up in the tehsils,district and provincial headquarters.Any person who is not satisfied with the judgment of any lower court,can appeal to the next higher court.The highest court in a province is the High Court.Above all the provincial high court there is a Superior court called the Supreme Court.There is one Chief Justice and several judges in the Supreme Court.The position of Chief Justice of the Supreme court is very high.If the President goes out of the country or unable to perform his duties,the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court or the Chairman of the Senate takes over as President.The appointment of the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court is made by the President of Pakistan.Other Judges of the Supreme Court are appointed by the President is consultation with the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.
The headquarter of the Supreme Court is at Islamabad,but it can function at any place approved by the Chief Justice.The Supreme Court hears appeals against the judgment of the High court.It also hears appeals against death sentences.It settles disputes between the provincial government,if any .It gives legal advice to the Government of Pakistan whenever required.The judgment of the Supreme Court is final. Thank you
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